"ἄσφαλτος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "asphaltum",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: asphaltum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: asphaltum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "asfalt",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: asfalt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: asfalt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "asphalt",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: asphalt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: asphalt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "asphalte",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: asphalte\n→ German: Asphalt\n→ Ottoman Turkish: آسفالت (asfalt)\nTurkish: asfalt\n→ Laz: ასჶალთი (asfalti)\n→ Romanian: asfalt\n→ Russian: асфальт (asfalʹt)\n→ Armenian: ասֆալտ (asfalt)\n→ Georgian: ასფალტი (aspalṭi)\n→ Iranian Persian: آسْفالْت (âsfâlt)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: asphalte\n→ German: Asphalt\n→ Ottoman Turkish: آسفالت (asfalt)\nTurkish: asfalt\n→ Laz: ასჶალთი (asfalti)\n→ Romanian: asfalt\n→ Russian: асфальт (asfalʹt)\n→ Armenian: ասֆալտ (asfalt)\n→ Georgian: ასფალტი (aspalṭi)\n→ Iranian Persian: آسْفالْت (âsfâlt)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "asfalto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: asfalto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: asfalto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "asfalto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: asfalto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: asfalto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "asfalto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: asfalto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: asfalto"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀ-",
        "3": "σφάλλω",
        "t1": "not",
        "t2": "to fall, cast down"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀ- (a-, “not”) + σφάλλω (sphállō, “to fall, cast down”)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Generally taken as deriving from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + σφάλλω (sphállō, “to fall, cast down”), under the assumption that it denoted the material that protects walls from tumbling down. However, according to Beekes, the word is rather Pre-Greek.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ἄσφᾰλτος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ásphaltos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσφᾰ́λτου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ",
      "roman": "ho",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ἄσφᾰλτος",
      "roman": "hē ásphaltos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀσφᾰ́λτω",
      "roman": "tṑ aspháltō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ",
      "roman": "hoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ἄσφᾰλτοι",
      "roman": "hai ásphaltoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ",
      "roman": "toû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ἀσφᾰ́λτου",
      "roman": "tês aspháltou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀσφᾰ́λτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aspháltoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ἀσφᾰ́λτων",
      "roman": "tôn aspháltōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ",
      "roman": "tôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ἀσφᾰ́λτῳ",
      "roman": "têi aspháltōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀσφᾰ́λτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aspháltoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ἀσφᾰ́λτοις",
      "roman": "taîs aspháltois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν",
      "roman": "tòn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ἄσφᾰλτον",
      "roman": "tḕn ásphalton",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀσφᾰ́λτω",
      "roman": "tṑ aspháltō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς",
      "roman": "toùs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ἀσφᾰ́λτους",
      "roman": "tā̀s aspháltous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἄσφᾰλτε",
      "roman": "ásphalte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσφᾰ́λτω",
      "roman": "aspháltō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἄσφᾰλτοι",
      "roman": "ásphaltoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀσφᾰ́λτου",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "second",
        "g2": "m",
        "head": "ἄσφᾰλτος"
      },
      "expansion": "ἄσφᾰλτος • (ásphaltos) f or m (genitive ἀσφᾰ́λτου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἄσφᾰλτος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "MF"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms prefixed with ἀ-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "asphaltízō",
          "word": "ἀσφαλτίζω"
        },
        {
          "roman": "aspháltion",
          "word": "ἀσφάλτιον"
        },
        {
          "roman": "asphaltítēs",
          "word": "ἀσφαλτίτης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "asphaltópissa",
          "word": "ἀσφαλτόπισσα"
        },
        {
          "roman": "asphaltophóros",
          "word": "ἀσφαλτοφόρος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "asphaltóō",
          "word": "ἀσφαλτόω"
        },
        {
          "roman": "asphaltṓdēs",
          "word": "ἀσφαλτώδης"
        },
        {
          "roman": "aspháltōsis",
          "word": "ἀσφάλτωσις"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "asphalt, bitumen"
      ],
      "id": "en-ἄσφαλτος-grc-noun-HQupjLYr",
      "links": [
        [
          "asphalt",
          "asphalt"
        ],
        [
          "bitumen",
          "bitumen"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ás.pʰal.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.ɸal.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.fal.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ás.pʰal.tos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.pʰal.tos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.ɸal.tos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.fal.tos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.fal.tos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἄσφαλτος"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "asphaltízō",
      "word": "ἀσφαλτίζω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "aspháltion",
      "word": "ἀσφάλτιον"
    },
    {
      "roman": "asphaltítēs",
      "word": "ἀσφαλτίτης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "asphaltópissa",
      "word": "ἀσφαλτόπισσα"
    },
    {
      "roman": "asphaltophóros",
      "word": "ἀσφαλτοφόρος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "asphaltóō",
      "word": "ἀσφαλτόω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "asphaltṓdēs",
      "word": "ἀσφαλτώδης"
    },
    {
      "roman": "aspháltōsis",
      "word": "ἀσφάλτωσις"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "asphaltum",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: asphaltum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: asphaltum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "asfalt",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: asfalt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: asfalt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "asphalt",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: asphalt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: asphalt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "asphalte",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: asphalte\n→ German: Asphalt\n→ Ottoman Turkish: آسفالت (asfalt)\nTurkish: asfalt\n→ Laz: ასჶალთი (asfalti)\n→ Romanian: asfalt\n→ Russian: асфальт (asfalʹt)\n→ Armenian: ասֆալտ (asfalt)\n→ Georgian: ასფალტი (aspalṭi)\n→ Iranian Persian: آسْفالْت (âsfâlt)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: asphalte\n→ German: Asphalt\n→ Ottoman Turkish: آسفالت (asfalt)\nTurkish: asfalt\n→ Laz: ასჶალთი (asfalti)\n→ Romanian: asfalt\n→ Russian: асфальт (asfalʹt)\n→ Armenian: ասֆալտ (asfalt)\n→ Georgian: ასფალტი (aspalṭi)\n→ Iranian Persian: آسْفالْت (âsfâlt)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "asfalto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: asfalto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: asfalto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "asfalto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: asfalto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: asfalto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "asfalto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: asfalto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: asfalto"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀ-",
        "3": "σφάλλω",
        "t1": "not",
        "t2": "to fall, cast down"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀ- (a-, “not”) + σφάλλω (sphállō, “to fall, cast down”)",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Generally taken as deriving from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + σφάλλω (sphállō, “to fall, cast down”), under the assumption that it denoted the material that protects walls from tumbling down. However, according to Beekes, the word is rather Pre-Greek.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ἄσφᾰλτος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ásphaltos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσφᾰ́λτου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ",
      "roman": "ho",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ ἄσφᾰλτος",
      "roman": "hē ásphaltos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀσφᾰ́λτω",
      "roman": "tṑ aspháltō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ",
      "roman": "hoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ ἄσφᾰλτοι",
      "roman": "hai ásphaltoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ",
      "roman": "toû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς ἀσφᾰ́λτου",
      "roman": "tês aspháltou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀσφᾰ́λτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aspháltoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν ἀσφᾰ́λτων",
      "roman": "tôn aspháltōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ",
      "roman": "tôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ ἀσφᾰ́λτῳ",
      "roman": "têi aspháltōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν ἀσφᾰ́λτοιν",
      "roman": "toîn aspháltoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς ἀσφᾰ́λτοις",
      "roman": "taîs aspháltois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν",
      "roman": "tòn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν ἄσφᾰλτον",
      "roman": "tḕn ásphalton",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ ἀσφᾰ́λτω",
      "roman": "tṑ aspháltō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς",
      "roman": "toùs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς ἀσφᾰ́λτους",
      "roman": "tā̀s aspháltous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἄσφᾰλτε",
      "roman": "ásphalte",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἀσφᾰ́λτω",
      "roman": "aspháltō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἄσφᾰλτοι",
      "roman": "ásphaltoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἀσφᾰ́λτου",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "second",
        "g2": "m",
        "head": "ἄσφᾰλτος"
      },
      "expansion": "ἄσφᾰλτος • (ásphaltos) f or m (genitive ἀσφᾰ́λτου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ἄσφᾰλτος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "MF"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words",
        "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek lemmas",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
        "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
        "Ancient Greek nouns",
        "Ancient Greek nouns with multiple genders",
        "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms",
        "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
        "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
        "Ancient Greek terms prefixed with ἀ-",
        "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "asphalt, bitumen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "asphalt",
          "asphalt"
        ],
        [
          "bitumen",
          "bitumen"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ás.pʰal.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.ɸal.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.fal.tos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ás.pʰal.tos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.pʰal.tos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.ɸal.tos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.fal.tos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈas.fal.tos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ἄσφαλτος"
}